When facing a financial setback, you may need some extra cash to help you get by.
That’s where a hardship loan comes in. This type of loan can help you through any financial hardship, from job loss to a medical emergency and beyond.
There are several types of hardship loans to consider, each with pros and cons. However, there are also some hardship loans you should try to avoid, as they can be expensive and predatory.
What Is a Hardship Loan?
A hardship loan refers to any financing used to get you through a difficult situation.
A hardship loan isn’t necessarily a type of loan but refers to why you need the money. Most hardship loans can be used for any purpose, though they’re often used in financial emergencies.
The terms and characteristics of hardship loans vary depending on the type of loan and lender you choose. Some are term loans, while others are revolving credit. Some have low interest rates, while others have notoriously high rates.
Below, we’ll discuss some of the types of hardship loans and their characteristics so you can decide which is best for your situation.
Who Is a Hardship Loan For?
Hardship loans are most often used by people going through some sort of financial emergency or setback.
For example, you may need a hardship loan if you’ve recently gone through a medical emergency and need some extra cash to cover your medical bills and any other expenses that popped up as a result.
Hardships could include expensive vehicle repairs, job loss, emergency medical care, and more.
While a hardship loan can come in handy if you’re unexpectedly unemployed, they’re more difficult to qualify for. Lenders want to see that you have a regular income to repay your loan. You may be able to use unemployment benefits as a source of income on your loan application. Applying with a cosigner may also help you get approved.
Generally speaking, a hardship loan might be right for you if you meet two criteria.
First, you are facing a financial setback and need some extra cash.
Second, — and just as important — you can repay your loan. If you borrow funds you can’t repay, you’ll likely end up in a much worse position than you’re in now.
Find the Best Hardship Loan for Your Situation
Research personal loans to find the best interest rates and quickest funding. Use the table below to see which loans best suit your situation.
5 Types of Hardship Loans
Navigating financial challenges can be overwhelming, and seeking viable solutions is crucial.
This section will explore hardship loans, a potential lifeline during tough times.
We’ll discuss what they are, how they work, and the steps you can take to secure one when facing financial difficulties.
Personal Loan
One of the most popular types of hardship loans is a personal loan. A personal loan is an installment loan, meaning you borrow a sum of money upfront and pay it off over a set term (usually between one and five years). Personal loans typically have fixed interest rates and monthly payments.
Personal loans have a few benefits. First, a personal loan can be used for any purpose. With many lenders to choose from, you can find loans ranging from less than $1,000 to as high as $100,000 for credit profiles ranging from poor to excellent.
You can use a personal loan calculator to see how much your payments would be depending on the amount of loan you need and how long you need to pay it back.
It’s worth noting that personal loans are unsecured, meaning they don’t require any collateral. This is good news since it means you aren’t putting an asset at risk in case you can’t repay your loan. However, because the lender takes on more risk, personal loans tend to have higher interest rates than secured loans.
Home Equity Loan
A home equity loan is an installment loan that uses the equity in your home as collateral. Let’s say you have a home worth $300,000 and have $150,000 in equity. You could borrow a home equity loan — also known as a second mortgage — which would reduce your home equity by the amount you borrow.
Home equity loans typically have fixed interest rates and monthly payments like personal loans. However, terms for these loans are normally much longer—they can be as long as 30 years, just like a regular mortgage.
A vital benefit of a home equity loan is that it usually has a much lower interest rate because your home secures it. However, because your home is the collateral, your home equity lender could foreclose on your home if you fail to make your payments.
Cash-Out Refinance
A cash-out refinance is similar to a home equity loan, using the equity you’ve built up in your home as collateral. Instead of taking out a second mortgage on your home, you’re replacing your existing mortgage with a larger loan.
Let’s go back to our example above, where you have a home worth $300,000, equity of $150,000, and $150,000 left on your mortgage. Instead of taking out a home equity loan, you do a cash-out refinance. But instead of borrowing the same $150,000 you owe, you borrow $200,000. $150,000 goes toward paying off your current mortgage, and you’ll get the other $50,000 in cash to do whatever you want.
Cash-out refinance loans have many of the same pros and cons as home equity loans. They put your home at risk because it’s the collateral for the loan. However, they also come with much lower interest rates than unsecured loans. But remember that the interest rate you get will apply to your entire mortgage. So, if you bought a home when interest rates were meager and are refinancing when they’re much higher, you’ll pay more for your entire home loan.
401(k) Hardship Loan
The IRS allows workers to borrow money from their 401(k) plans if their employers allow it. You can generally borrow up to the lesser of 50% of your vested balance or $50,000. You’ll have to pay interest on the loan and must repay it within five years with payments at least quarterly.
One benefit of a 401(k) loan is that unlike every other type of loan on our list, you don’t have to qualify for it with your credit score. There’s no credit check, nor does your company or the IRS take your income or debt-to-income ratio (DTI) into account.
These loans have some serious downsides, however. First, once you borrow money from the account, it no longer grows in your 401(k). As a result, you’ll end up with less money at retirement than you otherwise would have.
Another major downside of 401(k) loans is that if you can’t repay them on time, the entire loan counts as an early withdrawal and will be subject to your ordinary income tax rate and an additional 10% penalty. Finally, if you leave your job — whether you quit or are fired — you may have to repay the entire balance right away or have it count as an early withdrawal.
Credit Card
While a credit card isn’t technically a loan, it can be used as a substitute for one during a financial hardship. After all, credit cards allow you to borrow money and pay it off relatively slowly. In many cases, you may find a credit card that will enable you to pay 0% in interest for an introductory period that can last anywhere from six months to two years.
Of course, credit cards have some significant downsides. First, the best 0% introductory APR credit cards are usually available to borrowers with good credit. So, you may not qualify for this type of offer if you don’t have great credit.
Credit cards generally have much higher interest rates than the other types of financing on this list. If you only make your minimum payments, you could end up paying thousands of dollars in interest and spending many years paying off the balance you racked up.
Hardship Loans to Avoid
We’ve talked about some of the hardship loans to consider during a financial setback, but there are also some you should avoid due to their high costs and predatory nature.
Payday Loans
The first hardship loan you should avoid is a payday loan. As the name suggests, a payday loan is a small, short-term loan (usually around $500) intended to be repaid with your next paycheck.
Payday loans are costly. According to the Consumer Finance Protection Bureau, a typical APR on a payday loan is around 400%.
Because these rates are so high, many people find themselves stuck in a cycle of repeatedly borrowing paydays. It’s common practice for lenders to renew payday loans, meaning you pay the interest and fees, and the lender starts the clock again for the rest of the balance.
Car Title Loans
A car title loan is another predatory loan requiring you to hand over your car’s title as collateral. Like payday loans, car title loans are generally small loans that must be repaid within 30 days. Also, like payday loans, car title loans have APRs in the hundreds—a typical APR would be about 300%.
If you can’t repay your loan, you may be able to renew it for another 30 days. However, because the loan uses your car as collateral, the lender can repossess your car if you fail to pay your loan off on time. And as you can imagine, this puts you in a much worse financial situation than you already were.
Frequently Asked Questions
In almost all cases, you must repay a hardship loan. Some hardship loans are secured, meaning if you fail to pay them back, you risk losing your home, car, or any other asset you used as collateral. The one exception is a 401(k) loan, which becomes an early withdrawal if you can’t repay it.
A hardship loan isn’t a specific type of loan. Many types of loans — including personal loans — can be used as hardship loans during financial emergencies.
Many examples of financial hardship include job loss, medical emergencies, divorce, natural disasters, incarcerations, unexpected car repairs, and more. Economic hardship can range from someone who needs $1,000 for unexpected car repairs to someone with hundreds of thousands of medical debt.
The amount of time a hardship loan takes to get depends on the type of loan you use. If approved instantly, a credit card may be the quickest type of financing to get. You can often start using your credit line immediately, even if you haven’t received your card yet. Likewise, many personal loans offer same-day or next-day funding.
There’s not necessarily a limit on the number of hardship loans you can get. But remember that when you apply for a loan, the lender will look at what other accounts you have open and how much you pay toward debt each month. If you already have one or more hardship loans open, you may struggle to qualify for another.
